TypeScript Cheat Sheet

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A searchable, printable TypeScript reference — types, interfaces, generics, utility types, narrowing, declaration files and tsconfig. Free.

Basic types

let name: string = "Ada";

String type annotation

let age: number = 30;

Number (int and float)

let ok: boolean = true;

Boolean

let ids: number[] = [1, 2];

Array of numbers

let pair: [string, number] = ["a", 1];

Tuple: fixed-length typed array

let anything: unknown;

Safe any: must narrow before use

let loose: any;

Opts out of checking (avoid)

function log(): void {}

No return value

function fail(): never { throw new Error(); }

Never returns

let big: bigint = 9007199254740993n;

Arbitrary-precision integer

let id: string | null = null;

Nullable via union

const point = { x: 1 } as const;

Deep readonly literal types

enum Status { Active, Inactive }

Numeric enum

type Dir = "up" | "down";

String literal union (enum-lite)

Interfaces & type aliases

interface User { id: number; name: string; }

Object shape contract

type User = { id: number; name: string };

Type alias for a shape

interface User { nickname?: string; }

Optional property

interface User { readonly id: number; }

Property cannot be reassigned

interface Admin extends User { role: string; }

Interface inheritance

type Admin = User & { role: string };

Extend an alias via intersection

interface Dict { [key: string]: number; }

Index signature

interface Fn { (x: number): string; }

Callable interface

interface User { greet(): void; }

Method signature

interface Box<T> { value: T; }

Generic interface

interface Window { myGlobal: string; }

Declaration merging (augment)

type Point = Readonly<{ x: number }>;

Readonly wrapper on an alias

Unions, intersections & narrowing

type Id = string | number;

Union: one of several types

type Full = A & B;

Intersection: all members of both

if (typeof id === "string") { ... }

typeof narrowing

if (el instanceof HTMLElement) { ... }

instanceof narrowing

if ("radius" in shape) { ... }

in-operator narrowing

if (value != null) { ... }

Strip null AND undefined

switch (shape.kind) { case "circle": ... }

Discriminated union switch

type Shape = Circle | Square;

Discriminated union (kind field)

const x = cond ? a : b;

Result type is a union of both

user?.address?.city

Optional chaining

const name = input ?? "default";

Nullish coalescing

function assertNever(x: never): never { throw x; }

Exhaustiveness check helper

Generics

function first<T>(arr: T[]): T { return arr[0]; }

Generic function

first<string>(["a", "b"])

Explicit type argument

interface Box<T> { value: T; }

Generic interface

class Stack<T> { items: T[] = []; }

Generic class

type Pair<K, V> = { key: K; value: V };

Generic type alias

<T extends { id: number }>

Constrain the type parameter

<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K]

Typed property access

<T = string>

Default type parameter

function wrap<const T>(v: T): T[]

const modifier keeps literals

type Flatten<T> = T extends Array<infer U> ? U : T;

Extract inner type with infer

const map = new Map<string, User>();

Generic built-in collections

Utility types

Partial<User>

All properties optional

Required<User>

All properties required

Readonly<User>

All properties readonly

Pick<User, "id" | "name">

Keep only the listed keys

Omit<User, "password">

Drop the listed keys

Record<string, number>

Object map of key to value type

Exclude<T, U>

Remove U members from union T

Extract<T, U>

Keep only U members of union T

NonNullable<T>

Strip null and undefined

ReturnType<typeof fn>

Type a function returns

Parameters<typeof fn>

Tuple of a function's params

Awaited<Promise<string>>

Unwrap promise type → string

InstanceType<typeof MyClass>

Instance type from a class

Uppercase<"id"> / Capitalize<"id">

String-literal case transforms

Functions & overloads

function add(a: number, b: number): number

Typed parameters and return

const add = (a: number, b: number) => a + b;

Arrow function (return inferred)

function log(msg: string, level?: string)

Optional parameter

function log(msg: string, level = "info")

Default parameter value

function sum(...nums: number[]): number

Rest parameters

type Handler = (e: Event) => void;

Function type alias

function get(id: number): User;
function get(ids: number[]): User[];
function get(x: any): any { ... }

Overload signatures + one impl

function fn(this: HTMLElement, e: Event)

Typed this parameter

async function load(): Promise<User>

Async returns a Promise

function isUser(x: unknown): x is User

Type predicate return

const fn: typeof otherFn = ...;

Reuse another function's type

Classes

class User { constructor(public name: string) {} }

Parameter property shorthand

private secret: string;

Compile-time private member

#secret: string;

Runtime private field (ES)

protected id: number;

Visible to subclasses only

readonly createdAt = new Date();

Assign once, in ctor only

static create(): User { return new User(); }

Static factory method

class Admin extends User { ... }

Inheritance (use super())

class Api implements Fetcher { ... }

Implement an interface

abstract class Shape { abstract area(): number; }

Abstract base class

get fullName(): string { return ...; }

Getter accessor

override toString(): string { ... }

Explicit override (safer)

declare id: number;

Declare without initializing

Type guards & assertions

function isUser(x: unknown): x is User

Custom type guard

function assertUser(x: unknown): asserts x is User

Assertion function

function assertOk(x: unknown): asserts x

Assert truthy (non-null after)

const el = input as HTMLInputElement;

Type assertion (cast)

value!

Non-null assertion (careful!)

x as unknown as Y

Double assertion (last resort)

const roles = ["admin", "user"] as const;

Literal tuple via const assert

if (Array.isArray(value)) { ... }

Built-in array guard

satisfies Record<string, string>

Check shape, keep inference

typeof x === "object" && x !== null

Safe object check (null trap)

catch (e) { if (e instanceof Error) ... }

Narrow the unknown catch var

Mapped & conditional types

type Flags<T> = { [K in keyof T]: boolean };

Mapped type over keys

{ [K in keyof T]?: T[K] }

Add ? modifier (Partial)

{ [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] }

Remove ? modifier (Required)

{ readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }

Add readonly to all keys

{ -readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }

Strip readonly (Mutable)

{ [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K] }

Key remapping with as

type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;

Conditional type

T extends (infer U)[] ? U : never

infer inside a conditional

type Keys = keyof User;

Union of property names

type Value = User["name"];

Indexed access type

type Route = `/users/${number}`;

Template literal type

T extends any ? T[] : never

Distribute over union members

Modules & declaration files

export interface User { ... }

Named export

export default class Api { ... }

Default export

import { User } from "./user";

Named import

import type { User } from "./user";

Type-only import (erased)

export type { User };

Type-only re-export

import * as path from "node:path";

Namespace import

declare module "my-lib" { ... }

Type an untyped package

declare global { interface Window { ... } }

Augment global scope

declare const VERSION: string;

Ambient declaration (.d.ts)

export {};

Force a file to be a module

/// <reference types="node" />

Triple-slash type reference

npm i -D @types/lodash

Install community typings

tsconfig essentials

"strict": true

Enable all strict checks (do it)

"target": "ES2022"

Output JavaScript version

"module": "ESNext"

Emitted module system

"moduleResolution": "bundler"

Resolution for Vite/esbuild

"noEmit": true

Type-check only, no output

"esModuleInterop": true

Smooth CommonJS default imports

"skipLibCheck": true

Skip checking .d.ts files

"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true

arr[i] becomes T | undefined

"paths": { "@/*": ["./src/*"] }

Import path aliases

"outDir": "./dist", "rootDir": "./src"

Output / source directories

"sourceMap": true, "declaration": true

Emit .map and .d.ts files

npx tsc --noEmit

CI type-check command

npx tsc --init

Generate a tsconfig.json

No entry matches “:q”.

About TypeScript Cheat Sheet

This TypeScript cheat sheet turns the type system into one searchable page: basic types, interfaces and type aliases, unions, intersections and narrowing, generics, the built-in utility types, functions and overloads, classes, type guards and assertions, mapped and conditional types, modules and declaration files, and the tsconfig options that actually matter.

It is written for day-to-day work — the exact shape of a generic constraint, what Pick, Omit, Record and ReturnType do, how a discriminated union narrows, when to reach for `satisfies` rather than a cast — so you can check a detail without leaving your editor for the handbook.

Like every cheat sheet in this group it is free and client-side: filter rows live with the search box, hop between sections with the sticky table of contents, copy any snippet with one click and print the page for reference at your desk.

How to use TypeScript Cheat Sheet

Open the sheet and skim the sections, from Basic types and Generics through to tsconfig essentials.
Search for a keyword such as Partial, narrowing or satisfies to filter every row live.
Jump to Utility types or Mapped & conditional types when you need the advanced type-level syntax.
Click a snippet or its copy icon to copy the TypeScript to your clipboard.
Use Print for a paper copy of the full TypeScript reference.

Frequently asked questions

Eleven sections: basic types, interfaces and type aliases, unions and narrowing, generics, utility types, functions and overloads, classes, type guards and assertions, mapped and conditional types, modules and declaration files, and tsconfig essentials.

Yes. A dedicated section covers Partial, Required, Readonly, Pick, Omit, Record, Exclude, Extract, ReturnType, Awaited and the rest, each with a one-line explanation.

Very. Separate sections show typeof and instanceof narrowing, discriminated unions, user-defined type predicates, assertion functions and the difference between a cast and `satisfies`.

Yes. Click the code on any row or its copy icon and it is copied to your clipboard immediately.

Yes, it is completely free and runs in your browser with no login.

TypeScript Cheat Sheet

Basic types

Interfaces & type aliases

Unions, intersections & narrowing

Generics

Utility types

Functions & overloads

Classes

Type guards & assertions

Mapped & conditional types

Modules & declaration files

tsconfig essentials

About TypeScript Cheat Sheet

How to use TypeScript Cheat Sheet

Frequently asked questions

What does the TypeScript cheat sheet cover?

Does it list the built-in utility types?

Is it useful for narrowing and type guards?

Can I copy a snippet with one click?

Is the TypeScript reference free?

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