Karatasi ya Maelezo ya Vim
Rejeleo linalotafutika na linaloweza kuchapishwa la Vim — modes, motions, kuhariri, kutafuta na kubadilisha, madirisha, buffers na registers. Bila malipo.
Modes
9Esc
Return to Normal mode
i / a
Insert before / after the cursor
I / A
Insert at start / end of the line
o / O
Open a new line below / above
v
Visual mode (character selection)
V
Visual line mode
Ctrl-v
Visual block mode (columns)
R
Replace mode (overtype)
:
Command-line (Ex) mode
Motions
10h j k l
Left, down, up, right
w / b
Forward / back one word
e / ge
End of next / previous word
0 / ^ / $
Line start / first non-blank / line end
gg / G
First line / last line
42G / :42
Jump to line 42
{ / }
Previous / next paragraph
%
Jump to matching bracket
f x / t x
Move to / before next x on the line
Ctrl-d / Ctrl-u
Scroll half page down / up
Editing operators
11x / X
Delete char under / before cursor
dd / D
Delete line / to end of line
dw / diw
Delete word / inner word
cc / C
Change line / to end of line
ciw / ci"
Change inner word / inside quotes
yy / yw
Yank (copy) line / word
p / P
Paste after / before the cursor
r x / ~
Replace one char / toggle case
u / Ctrl-r
Undo / redo
.
Repeat the last change
>> / <<
Indent / unindent the line
Visual mode
9v / V
Start character / line selection
Ctrl-v
Start block (column) selection
o
Jump to the other end of the selection
d / y
Delete / yank the selection
c
Change the selection
> / <
Indent / unindent the selection
gu / gU
Lowercase / uppercase the selection
gv
Reselect the last visual selection
I / A
Block insert before / append after (Ctrl-v)
Search & replace
9/pattern
Search forward for pattern
?pattern
Search backward for pattern
n / N
Next / previous match
* / #
Search word under cursor fwd / back
:%s/old/new/g
Replace all in the file
:%s/old/new/gc
Replace all with confirmation
:s/old/new/g
Replace all on the current line
:%s/\<word\>/x/g
Replace whole words only
:noh
Clear search highlighting
Windows & tabs
8:sp / :split
Horizontal split
:vsp / :vsplit
Vertical split
Ctrl-w h/j/k/l
Move to the split in that direction
Ctrl-w w
Cycle to the next split
Ctrl-w q / c
Close the current split
Ctrl-w o
Close all other splits
Ctrl-w =
Equalize split sizes
:tabnew / gt / gT
New tab / next / previous tab
Buffers & files
9:e file
Open / edit a file
:w / :w file
Save / save as
:wq / :x / ZZ
Save and quit
:q / :q!
Quit / quit discarding changes
:ls / :buffers
List open buffers
:b name / :bN
Switch to a buffer by name / number
:bn / :bp
Next / previous buffer
:bd
Delete (close) a buffer
:wa / :qa
Write all / quit all
Registers & marks
8"ayy
Yank line into register a
"ap
Paste from register a
"+y / "+p
Yank to / paste from system clipboard
:reg
Show register contents
ma
Set mark a at the cursor
`a / 'a
Jump to mark a (exact / line)
``
Jump back to the previous position
:marks
List all marks
Macros
7qa
Start recording into register a
q
Stop recording
@a
Play back macro a
@@
Repeat the last played macro
5@a
Play macro a five times
:%normal @a
Run macro a on every line
"ap → edit → "ay$
Paste, edit, then re-yank a macro to change it
Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.
Kuhusu Karatasi ya Maelezo ya Vim
Karatasi hii ya kumbukumbu ya Vim inaonyesha kihariri kwa dhana: hali (modes), miendo (motions), viendeshaji vya uhariri, hali ya kuona (visual mode), utafutaji na ubadilishaji, madirisha na vichupo, buffers na faili, rejista na alama, na macros. Kila safu mlalo ni mbofyo wa kibodi au amri yenye maelezo ya mstari mmoja ya kile inachofanya.
Vim inathamini kumbukumbu ya vidole, na njia ya haraka zaidi ya kuijenga ni kuwa na mwendo au kiendeshaji sahihi mbele yako unapouhitaji. Karatasi inaweka vipande vinavyoweza kuunganishwa — viendeshaji, miendo, hesabu — pamoja ili sarufi ya Vim ionekane badala ya kukaririwa mbofyo mmoja baada ya mwingine.
Ni bure na inafanya kazi kikamilifu upande wa kifaa chako: chuja kila mbofyo papo hapo kwa sanduku la utafutaji, ruka kati ya sehemu kupitia orodha ya yaliyomo inayoning'inia, bofya kunakili amri ya Ex, na chapisha karatasi — njia ya kawaida ya kujifunza Vim ni kwa nakala iliyochapishwa pembeni ya kibodi.
Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Maelezo ya Vim
- Anza na sehemu ya Hali ikiwa ni mgeni, au ruka moja kwa moja hadi Miendo na Viendeshaji vya uhariri.
- Tafuta kitendo kama delete, replace au macro ili kuchuja karatasi nzima.
- Tumia orodha ya yaliyomo inayoning'inia kuruka hadi sehemu kama Rejista na alama au Madirisha na vichupo.
- Bofya amri au ikoni yake ya kunakili ili kunakili amri za Ex kama mifumo ya kutafuta-na-kubadilisha.
- Chapisha karatasi na uiweke pembeni ya kibodi yako wakati miendo inavyokuwa kumbukumbu ya vidole.
Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara
Sehemu tisa: hali, miendo, viendeshaji vya uhariri, hali ya kuona, utafutaji na ubadilishaji, madirisha na vichupo, buffers na faili, rejista na alama, na macros — msamiati kamili wa kufanya kazi wa kihariri.
Ndiyo. Karatasi inashughulikia tabia za msingi za Vim — hali, miendo, viendeshaji, rejista, macros — ambazo ni sawa kabisa kwenye Neovim, hivyo kila kitu kinatumika bila kujali unaotumia.
Soma sehemu ya Hali kwanza ili kuelewa hali za normal, insert na visual, kisha jifunze miendo na viendeshaji vichache. Kwa sababu amri za Vim huunganika, msamiati mdogo tayari unashughulikia uhariri mwingi.
Ndiyo. Kitufe cha Kuchapisha huondoa upau wa utafutaji na uelekezaji na kutoa tu mibofyo ya kibodi na maelezo yake — karatasi ya Vim iliyochapishwa bado ni njia ya kawaida ya kujifunza.
Ndiyo, ni bure kabisa, inayoweza kutafutwa kwenye kivinjari chako na kuchapishwa bila akaunti yoyote.
Utafutaji maarufu
vim cheat sheet
vim commands list
vim shortcuts
vim search and replace
vim motions reference
vim visual mode commands
vim macros
how to quit vim
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