Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya SASS
Marejeleo ya Sass / SCSS yanayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa — vigeu, kuweka kiota, @use modules, mixins, vitendakazi, mtiririko wa udhibiti na moduli zilizojengwa ndani. Bila malipo.
Variables
10$primary: #1d6f42;
Declare a variable
$radius: 4px !default;
Set only if not already defined
$theme: dark !global;
Assign to the global scope from inside a block
.box { $w: 10px; width: $w; }
Local variable, scoped to the block
$font-stack: 'Inter', sans-serif;
String / list value
$gap: 8px * 2;
Variables can hold computed values
color: $primary;
Use a variable as a property value
$sizes: 4px, 8px, 16px;
A comma-separated list variable
$config: ('gap': 8px);
A map variable (key/value pairs)
$on: true;
Boolean variable for control flow
Nesting
9.card { .title { color: red; } }
Nest a selector inside its parent
.btn { &:hover { opacity: .8; } }
& refers to the parent selector
.btn { &.is-active {} }
Compound parent selector with &
.list { & + & { margin-top: 8px; } }
Adjacent-sibling rule using &
.menu { .dark & { color: #fff; } }
Place & last to prepend a context
.box { font: { size: 14px; weight: 700; } }
Nested properties for a namespace (font-*)
.grid { > .col {} }
Nested child combinator
@media (min-width: 768px) { .col { width: 50%; } }
Nest media queries inside a rule too
.a { color: red; .b & { color: blue; } }
Reorder context by moving &
Partials & modules
10_base.scss
Partial file (leading underscore, not compiled alone)
@use 'base';
Load a module (namespaced by file name)
base.$primary;
Access a member through its namespace
@use 'base' as b;
Load a module under a custom namespace
@use 'base' as *;
Load into the global namespace (no prefix)
@use 'theme' with ($primary: #000);
Configure a module's !default variables on load
@forward 'buttons';
Re-export a module from an entrypoint
@forward 'buttons' as btn-*;
Forward members with a prefix
@forward 'src/list' hide list-reset;
Forward but hide specific members
@forward 'config' with ($gap: 4px !default);
Forward and set configurable defaults
Mixins
10@mixin reset { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
Define a reusable block of declarations
@include reset;
Apply a mixin
@mixin pad($x) { padding: $x; }
Mixin with an argument
@include pad(8px);
Pass an argument when including
@mixin pad($x: 4px) { padding: $x; }
Argument with a default value
@include pad($x: 12px);
Pass an argument by keyword
@mixin shadow($a...) { box-shadow: $a; }
Arbitrary (variable) arguments
@mixin card { border: 1px solid; @content; }
Accept a @content block
@include card { color: red; }
Pass a block into the mixin's @content
@mixin on-dark { @content; }
Wrap arbitrary rules passed via @content
Functions
9@function double($n) { @return $n * 2; }
Define a function that returns a value
width: double(8px);
Call a custom function
@function pad($x: 4px) { @return $x; }
Function with a default argument
@function sum($a, $b) { @return $a + $b; }
Multiple arguments
@function clampn($n) { @if $n < 0 { @return 0; } @return $n; }
Functions may contain control flow
@use 'sass:math';
Import a built-in module for use in functions
@function half($n) { @return math.div($n, 2); }
Use module functions inside your own
@function list-len($l) { @return list.length($l); }
Functions can wrap built-ins
margin: sum(4px, 8px);
Use the returned value as a property value
Operators & math
10@use 'sass:math';
Load the math module for division
width: math.div(100%, 3);
Division (math.div, not the deprecated /)
width: 100% - 20px;
Subtraction
margin: 4px + 4px;
Addition
width: 2 * 8px;
Multiplication
$r: 10 % 3;
Modulo (remainder)
@if $a == $b {}
Equality comparison
@if $a >= 768px {}
Greater-than-or-equal comparison
@if $a and $b {}
Logical and
@if not $disabled {}
Logical negation
Control flow
9@if $on { display: block; }
Conditional block
@else if $alt { display: flex; }
Additional condition
@else { display: none; }
Fallback branch
@each $c in red, green, blue {}
Iterate over a list
@each $name, $val in $map {}
Iterate over a map's keys and values
@each $k, $v in ('sm': 4px, 'md': 8px) { .#{$k} { gap: $v; } }
Generate rules from a map
@for $i from 1 through 3 {}
Loop inclusive of the end value
@for $i from 0 to 3 {}
Loop exclusive of the end value
@while $i > 0 { $i: $i - 1; }
Loop while a condition holds
Built-in modules
14@use 'sass:math'; math.floor(4.7)
Round down to the nearest integer
math.ceil(4.1)
Round up to the nearest integer
math.round(4.5)
Round to the nearest integer
math.percentage(math.div(1, 4))
Convert a unitless ratio to a percentage
@use 'sass:string'; string.to-upper-case('hi')
Uppercase a string
string.quote(hello)
Wrap a value in quotes
@use 'sass:color'; color.adjust($c, $lightness: 10%)
Adjust a colour channel by an amount
color.scale($c, $lightness: 20%)
Scale a colour channel fluidly
color.mix($a, $b, 50%)
Blend two colours
@use 'sass:list'; list.length($l)
Number of items in a list
list.nth($l, 1)
Get the nth item (1-based)
@use 'sass:map'; map.get($m, 'gap')
Read a value from a map by key
map.merge($a, $b)
Merge two maps
map.keys($m)
Get a list of a map's keys
Placeholders & inheritance
9%card { border: 1px solid; }
Placeholder selector (not output on its own)
.box { @extend %card; }
Inherit a placeholder's styles
.alert { color: red; }
A normal selector to extend
.error { @extend .alert; }
Extend a real selector
.note { @extend .alert !optional; }
!optional: do not error if the target is missing
%btn-base { padding: 8px; }
Share a base across many buttons
.btn-primary { @extend %btn-base; }
Multiple selectors share one rule via @extend
.btn-ghost { @extend %btn-base; }
Each extension is grouped in the output
@include card;
Prefer mixins over @extend for parameterised reuse
Interpolation & misc
12.icon-#{$name} { content: ''; }
Interpolate a variable into a selector
width: calc(100% - #{$gap});
Interpolate a Sass value inside calc()
content: '#{$count} items';
Interpolate inside a string
--bs-#{$key}: #{$val};
Build CSS custom properties dynamically
$map: ('sm': 576px, 'md': 768px);
Define a map of key/value pairs
map.get($map, 'md')
Read a map value (via sass:map)
@debug $value;
Print a value to the console while compiling
@warn 'deprecated';
Emit a compile-time warning
@error 'invalid input';
Abort compilation with an error
// inline comment
Silent comment (stripped from output)
/* block comment */
CSS comment (kept in compressed output if /*! )
@import 'base';
Legacy import — deprecated, prefer @use / @forward
Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.
Kuhusu Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya SASS
Karatasi hii ya kumbukumbu ya Sass / SCSS inashughulikia kiratibu (preprocessor) kutoka sintaksia hadi muundo: vigezo, uwekaji ndani (nesting), partials na moduli, mixins, functions, viendeshaji na hesabu, mtiririko wa udhibiti, moduli zilizojengwa ndani, placeholders na urithi, na interpolation pamoja na mengineyo.
Inaakisi jinsi Sass ya kisasa inavyoandikwa — mfumo wa moduli wa @use na moduli zilizojengwa ndani zenye majina maalum (namespaced) pamoja na vipengele vya kawaida — hivyo ni ya manufaa sawa kwa kudumisha msimbo wa zamani wa @import na kwa kuandika stylesheet mpya za msingi wa moduli.
Karatasi ni bure na inaonyeshwa upande wa kifaa chako. Chuja kila kipande papo hapo kwa sanduku la utafutaji, ruka hadi sehemu kupitia orodha ya yaliyomo inayoning'inia, bofya kipande chochote kukinakili kwenye stylesheet yako na chapisha ukurasa kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu ya SCSS ya kuchapishwa.
Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya SASS
- Pitia sehemu, kuanzia Vigezo na Uwekaji ndani hadi Mixins na Moduli zilizojengwa ndani.
- Tafuta kipengele kama mixin, @use au map ili kuchuja karatasi papo hapo.
- Ruka hadi Mtiririko wa udhibiti au Placeholders na urithi kupitia upau wa pembeni unaoning'inia.
- Bofya kipande au ikoni yake ya kunakili ili kunakili SCSS kwenye stylesheet yako.
- Chapisha karatasi ikiwa unapendelea kumbukumbu ya karatasi wakati wa kurekebisha stayo.
Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara
Sehemu kumi: vigezo, uwekaji ndani, partials na moduli, mixins, functions, viendeshaji na hesabu, mtiririko wa udhibiti, moduli zilizojengwa ndani, placeholders na urithi, na interpolation pamoja na mengineyo.
Ndiyo. Sehemu ya partials na moduli inaonyesha uingizaji wa msingi wa @use na majina maalum, na sehemu ya moduli zilizojengwa ndani inaorodhesha functions za kawaida zenye majina maalum zinazotumiwa kwenye Sass ya kisasa.
Zote mbili ziko kwenye karatasi: mixins huingizwa kwa @include na zinaweza kuchukua hoja, wakati placeholders huongezwa kwa @extend na kushiriki kichaguzi kimoja kilichozalishwa. Sehemu husika zinaonyesha sintaksia ya kila moja.
Ndiyo. Bofya kipande chochote cha SCSS au ikoni yake ya kunakili inayoonekana unapoweka mshale nayo hunakiliwa kwenye clipboard yako pamoja na uthibitisho mfupi.
Ndiyo, ni bure kabisa — inafanya kazi upande wa kifaa chako, inayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa bila akaunti.
Utafutaji maarufu
sass cheat sheet
scss syntax reference
sass mixins example
sass variables
sass nesting rules
use vs import sass
sass built-in modules
sass each and for loops
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