Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya PowerShell

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Bila Malipo

Marejeleo ya PowerShell yanayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa — cmdlets, pipeline, vigeu, faili, vitanzi, vitendakazi, vitu na utawala. Bila malipo.

Getting help & discovery

12
Get-Help Get-Process
Show help for a cmdlet
Get-Help Get-Process -Examples
Show usage examples for a cmdlet
Get-Help Get-Process -Full
Show the full help including parameters
Get-Help about_Functions
Read a conceptual about_ topic
Update-Help
Download the latest help files
Get-Command -Noun Process
List cmdlets that act on a noun
Get-Command -Verb Get
List cmdlets using a given verb
Get-Command *service*
Search commands by wildcard name
Get-Process | Get-Member
List the properties and methods of objects
Get-Alias ls
Show what command an alias resolves to
Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem
List all aliases for a cmdlet
$PSVersionTable
Show the PowerShell version and edition

Variables & types

13
$x = 5
Assign a value to a variable
[int]$n = '42'
Declare a strongly typed variable
$null
The null / empty value
$true; $false
Boolean literals
$arr = @(1, 2, 3)
Create an array
$arr += 4
Append an element to an array
$arr[0]; $arr[-1]
Index first and last array elements
$hash = @{ Name = 'Ann'; Age = 30 }
Create a hashtable
$hash['Name']; $hash.Name
Read a hashtable value by key
$env:PATH
Read an environment variable
$env:MY_VAR = 'value'
Set an environment variable for the session
Get-Variable
List all defined variables
[math]::Round(3.14159, 2)
Call a static .NET method

Pipeline & filtering

12
Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.CPU -gt 10 }
Filter objects by a condition
Get-Process | ? CPU -gt 10
Filter with the ? alias and simplified syntax
Get-Process | ForEach-Object { $_.Name }
Run a script block for each object
Get-Process | % { $_.Kill() }
Iterate with the % alias
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Id
Keep only specific properties
Get-Process | Select-Object -First 5
Take the first N objects
Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending
Sort objects by a property
Get-Process | Group-Object Company
Group objects by a property
Get-Process | Measure-Object CPU -Sum
Aggregate numeric values (sum, average)
Get-ChildItem | Select-Object -Unique
Return distinct objects
1..5 | ForEach-Object { $_ * 2 }
Pipe a range through a transform
Get-Process | Out-GridView
Send results to an interactive grid

Files & paths

13
Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Logs
List items in a directory (alias ls/dir)
Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter *.log
List matching files recursively
Get-Content .\file.txt
Read a file line by line
Get-Content .\file.txt -Tail 20
Read the last N lines of a file
Set-Content .\file.txt -Value 'Hi'
Write (overwrite) text to a file
Add-Content .\file.txt -Value 'Hi'
Append text to a file
Copy-Item a.txt b.txt
Copy a file or directory
Move-Item a.txt .\dir\
Move or rename an item
Remove-Item a.txt -Force
Delete a file or directory
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path .\dir
Create a new file or directory
Test-Path .\file.txt
Check whether a path exists
Get-Location
Show the current directory (alias pwd)
Set-Location C:\Temp
Change the current directory (alias cd)

Strings & text

12
'Hello World' -match 'World'
Test a string against a regex
'Hello' -replace 'l', 'L'
Replace text using a regex
'a,b,c' -split ','
Split a string into an array by regex
'a-b-c'.Split('-')
Split using the .NET String method
'a', 'b' -join ', '
Join array elements into a string
Select-String -Path *.log -Pattern 'error'
Grep-style search across files
'{0} of {1}' -f 3, 10
Format a string with placeholders
' hi '.Trim()
Strip leading and trailing whitespace
'Hello'.ToUpper()
Convert a string to uppercase
'Hello'.Substring(0, 3)
Extract a substring by index and length
'Hello'.Contains('ell')
Test whether a string contains text
'Hello'.Length
Get the number of characters

Loops & conditionals

12
if ($x -gt 0) { 'pos' } elseif ($x -eq 0) { 'zero' } else { 'neg' }
Branch with if / elseif / else
switch ($x) { 1 { 'one' } default { 'other' } }
Match a value against cases
foreach ($i in $arr) { $i }
Iterate over a collection
for ($i = 0; $i -lt 5; $i++) { $i }
Counted loop with an index
while ($x -lt 10) { $x++ }
Loop while a condition is true
do { $x++ } while ($x -lt 10)
Loop at least once, then test
$x -eq 5; $x -ne 5
Equal and not-equal comparisons
$x -gt 5; $x -lt 5
Greater-than and less-than comparisons
$x -ge 5; $x -le 5
Greater/less-than-or-equal comparisons
'abc' -like 'a*'
Wildcard match comparison
@(1, 2, 3) -contains 2
Test array membership
break; continue
Exit or skip the current loop iteration

Functions & scripts

12
function Get-Sum { param($a, $b) $a + $b }
Define a function with parameters
Get-Sum -a 2 -b 3
Call a function with named arguments
function Test { param([int]$n = 1) }
Typed parameter with a default value
param([Parameter(Mandatory)]$Name)
Require a parameter to be supplied
return $value
Return a value from a function
function F { [CmdletBinding()] param() }
Make an advanced function (common params)
Write-Verbose 'msg' -Verbose
Emit a verbose message stream
Write-Output $result
Send an object to the pipeline
Write-Error 'failed'
Write to the error stream
.\script.ps1 -Arg value
Run a script file with arguments
. .\functions.ps1
Dot-source a script into the session
try { } catch { $_ } finally { }
Handle terminating errors

Objects & properties

12
Get-Process | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
Return raw property values, not objects
(Get-Process).Name
Access a property on each object
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, @{ Name = 'MB'; Expression = { $_.WS / 1MB } }
Add a calculated property
[PSCustomObject]@{ Name = 'Ann'; Age = 30 }
Build a custom object
$obj | Add-Member -NotePropertyName Tag -NotePropertyValue 'x'
Attach a property to an object
$obj.PSObject.Properties.Name
List an object's property names
$obj | Format-Table -AutoSize
Display objects as an aligned table
$obj | Format-List *
Display all properties as a list
$obj | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5
Serialize an object to JSON
Get-Content data.json | ConvertFrom-Json
Parse JSON into objects
$obj | Export-Csv out.csv -NoTypeInformation
Export objects to a CSV file
Import-Csv data.csv
Read a CSV file into objects

Processes & services

12
Get-Process
List running processes (alias ps)
Get-Process -Name chrome
Get processes by name
Stop-Process -Name notepad -Force
Terminate a process
Start-Process notepad.exe
Launch a new process
Get-Service
List Windows services
Get-Service -Name wuauserv
Get a service by name
Start-Service -Name wuauserv
Start a stopped service
Stop-Service -Name wuauserv
Stop a running service
Restart-Service -Name wuauserv
Restart a service
Set-Service -Name wuauserv -StartupType Manual
Change a service start mode
Get-EventLog -LogName System -Newest 20
Read recent classic event-log entries
Get-WinEvent -LogName Application -MaxEvents 20
Query modern event logs

Remoting & jobs

12
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName Srv01
Start an interactive remote session
Exit-PSSession
Leave an interactive remote session
Invoke-Command -ComputerName Srv01 -ScriptBlock { Get-Service }
Run a command on a remote host
$s = New-PSSession -ComputerName Srv01
Create a persistent remote session
Invoke-Command -Session $s -ScriptBlock { hostname }
Reuse an existing remote session
Remove-PSSession $s
Close and remove a remote session
Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Get-Process }
Run a command as a background job
Get-Job
List background jobs and their state
Receive-Job -Id 1 -Keep
Retrieve the output of a job
Wait-Job -Id 1
Block until a job completes
Stop-Job -Id 1; Remove-Job -Id 1
Stop and remove a background job
Get-Process | Start-ThreadJob { $input }
Run lightweight in-process thread jobs

Modules & packages

12
Get-Module
List currently loaded modules
Get-Module -ListAvailable
List all installed modules
Import-Module Pester
Load a module into the session
Remove-Module Pester
Unload a module from the session
Find-Module -Name PSReadLine
Search the gallery for a module
Install-Module PSReadLine -Scope CurrentUser
Install a module from the gallery
Update-Module PSReadLine
Update an installed module
Uninstall-Module PSReadLine
Remove an installed module
Get-ExecutionPolicy
Show the current script execution policy
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
Allow signed and local scripts to run
Get-PSRepository
List configured package repositories
$PROFILE
Path to the current user profile script

Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.

Kuhusu Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya PowerShell

Karatasi hii ya kumbukumbu ya PowerShell inashughulikia shell kuanzia ugunduzi hadi otomatiki: kupata msaada na ugunduzi, vigezo na aina, bomba (pipeline) na uchujaji, faili na njia, maandishi, vitanzi na masharti, functions na script, vitu (objects) na sifa, michakato na huduma, remoting na kazi, na moduli na pakiti.

PowerShell inatofautiana na shell za POSIX kwa sababu bomba hubeba vitu, si maandishi — hivyo karatasi inategemea cmdlets za ugunduzi na mifumo ya kuchuja vitu inayofanya modeli hiyo ieleweke, pamoja na amri za faili, maandishi na michakato ambazo wasimamizi hutumia kila siku.

Karatasi ni bure na inafanya kazi upande wa kifaa chako. Chuja cmdlets papo hapo kwa sanduku la utafutaji, ruka kati ya sehemu kupitia orodha ya yaliyomo inayoning'inia, nakili amri yoyote kwa mbofyo mmoja na chapisha ukurasa kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu pembeni ya console.

Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya PowerShell

  1. Anza na Kupata msaada na ugunduzi — cmdlets pale zinakuruhusu kuchunguza kila kitu kingine.
  2. Tafuta kitenzi au nomino kama Get-, service au foreach ili kuchuja karatasi papo hapo.
  3. Ruka hadi sehemu kama Bomba na uchujaji au Remoting na kazi kupitia upau wa pembeni unaoning'inia.
  4. Bofya amri au ikoni yake ya kunakili ili kuinakili kwenye kipindi chako cha PowerShell.
  5. Chapisha karatasi kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu ya nje ya mtandao ya cmdlets.

Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara

Sehemu kumi na moja: msaada na ugunduzi, vigezo na aina, bomba na uchujaji, faili na njia, maandishi, vitanzi na masharti, functions na script, vitu na sifa, michakato na huduma, remoting na kazi, na moduli na pakiti.

PowerShell hupitisha vitu vyenye muundo badala ya maandishi kwenye bomba, hivyo unachuja kwa sifa badala ya kuchambua maandishi. Sehemu za bomba na vitu za karatasi zinaonyesha mifumo hii bega kwa bega pamoja na amri za kila siku.

Ndiyo. Sehemu ya remoting na kazi inaorodhesha amri za kufanya kazi kwenye mashine za mbali na katika kazi za nyuma (background jobs), karibu na sehemu ya michakato na huduma kwa ajili ya usimamizi wa ndani.

Ndiyo. Bofya amri yoyote au ikoni yake ya kunakili inayoonekana unapoweka mshale nayo huwekwa kwenye clipboard yako kwa ajili ya kubandika kwenye console.

Ndiyo, ni bure, inayoweza kutafutwa, kuchapishwa na haihitaji akaunti.
Shiriki hii
Zana Zinazohusiana
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Karatasi ya Maelezo ya MySQL Rejeleo linalotafutika na linaloweza kuchapishwa la MySQL — hoja, joins, fahirisi, vitendakazi, aina za data na amri za usimamizi. Bila malipo. Bila Malipo
Utafutaji maarufu
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