Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya Laravel
Marejeleo ya Laravel yanayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa — Artisan, uelekezaji, Eloquent, mjengaji wa hoja, migrations, Blade, uthibitishaji na makusanyo. Bila malipo.
Artisan CLI
14php artisan serve
Start the local development server
php artisan make:model Post -mcr
Model with migration, controller and resource
php artisan make:controller PostController
Generate a new controller class
php artisan make:migration create_posts_table
Create a new migration file
php artisan migrate
Run pending database migrations
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed
Drop all tables, re-migrate and seed
php artisan db:seed
Run the database seeders
php artisan tinker
Open an interactive REPL shell
php artisan route:list
List all registered routes
php artisan optimize
Cache config, routes and views
php artisan queue:work
Process jobs on the queue
php artisan schedule:work
Run the scheduler in the foreground
php artisan storage:link
Symlink storage to the public path
php artisan key:generate
Generate the application key
Routing
13Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index'])
Define a GET route to a controller
Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store'])
Define a POST route
Route::put('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'update'])
Define a PUT route
Route::patch('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'update'])
Define a PATCH route
Route::delete('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'destroy'])
Define a DELETE route
Route::get('/users/{id}', $fn)
Required route parameter
Route::get('/users/{id?}', $fn)
Optional route parameter
Route::get('/profile', $fn)->name('profile')
Name a route for URL generation
Route::get('/admin', $fn)->middleware('auth')
Attach middleware to a route
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class)
Register RESTful resource routes
Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {})
Group routes under a URI prefix
Route::controller(PostController::class)->group($fn)
Group routes to one controller
Route::fallback($fn)
Handle unmatched routes (404)
Controllers
10php artisan make:controller PostController --resource
Resource controller with CRUD methods
public function __invoke(Request $request)
Single-action invokable controller
public function index() {}
List resources (resource method)
public function store(Request $request) {}
Persist a new resource
public function show(Post $post) {}
Show one resource (route model binding)
public function __construct(PostService $svc) {}
Inject a dependency via the constructor
return view('posts.index', ['posts' => $posts])
Return a Blade view with data
return response()->json($data)
Return a JSON response
return redirect()->route('posts.index')
Redirect to a named route
return back()
Redirect to the previous page
Eloquent ORM
14Post::all()
Get every record
Post::find($id)
Find a record by primary key
Post::where('active', true)->first()
First record matching a condition
Post::create(['title' => 'Hi'])
Mass-assign and persist a record
$post->update(['title' => 'Edited'])
Update an existing model
$post->delete()
Delete a model instance
Post::firstOrCreate(['slug' => $slug])
Find or create a matching record
Post::updateOrCreate($attrs, $values)
Update if found, otherwise create
Post::with('author')->get()
Eager load a relationship
public function comments() { return $this->hasMany(Comment::class); }
One-to-many relationship
public function author() { return $this->belongsTo(User::class); }
Inverse one-to-many relationship
protected $fillable = ['title', 'body'];
Mass-assignable attributes
protected function casts(): array { return ['published_at' => 'datetime']; }
Attribute casts (casts() method)
Post::onlyTrashed()->restore()
Restore soft-deleted records
Query builder
13DB::table('users')->get()
Fetch all rows from a table
DB::table('users')->where('votes', '>', 100)->get()
Filter rows by a condition
DB::table('users')->join('posts', 'users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
Inner join two tables
DB::table('users')->orderBy('name')->get()
Order results by a column
DB::table('orders')->groupBy('status')->get()
Group rows by a column
DB::table('users')->select('name', 'email')->get()
Select specific columns
DB::table('users')->insert(['name' => 'Sam'])
Insert a new row
DB::table('users')->where('id', 1)->update(['votes' => 1])
Update matching rows
DB::table('users')->pluck('email')
Get a single column as a collection
DB::table('users')->count()
Count matching rows
DB::table('users')->where('id', 1)->exists()
Check whether rows exist
DB::table('users')->paginate(15)
Paginate the results
DB::table('users')->chunk(100, $fn)
Process results in chunks
Migrations & schema
12Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {})
Create a new table
$table->id()
Auto-incrementing primary key
$table->string('title')
VARCHAR column
$table->integer('votes')
Integer column
$table->boolean('active')
Boolean column
$table->timestamps()
created_at and updated_at columns
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()
Foreign key with a constraint
$table->string('note')->nullable()
Allow NULL values
$table->boolean('active')->default(true)
Set a default value
$table->index('slug')
Add an index to a column
$table->unique('email')
Add a unique constraint
$table->dropColumn('votes')
Drop a column
Blade templates
14@if ($ok) ... @elseif ($x) ... @else ... @endif
Conditional rendering
@foreach ($posts as $post) ... @endforeach
Loop over a collection
@forelse ($posts as $post) ... @empty ... @endforelse
Loop with an empty fallback
{{ $variable }}
Echo escaped output
{!! $html !!}
Echo unescaped raw HTML
@extends('layouts.app')
Inherit from a layout
@section('content') ... @endsection
Define a layout section
@yield('content')
Output a section in a layout
@include('partials.nav')
Include another view
<x-alert type="error" />
Render a Blade component
@csrf
CSRF token field for forms
@auth ... @endauth
Show content to authenticated users
@can('update', $post) ... @endcan
Authorization gate check
{{ $loop->index }}
Loop variable inside @foreach
Validation
12$request->validate(['title' => 'required'])
Validate request data inline
'email' => 'required|email'
Required and valid email rule
'name' => 'required|max:255'
Required with a max length
'email' => 'unique:users,email'
Must be unique in a table
'age' => 'nullable|integer|min:18'
Optional integer with a minimum
'role' => ['required', Rule::in(['admin', 'user'])]
Constrain to allowed values
php artisan make:request StorePostRequest
Generate a Form Request class
public function rules(): array { return [...]; }
Form Request validation rules
public function authorize(): bool { return true; }
Form Request authorization
public function messages(): array { return [...]; }
Custom validation messages
$validator = Validator::make($data, $rules)
Create a validator manually
$request->validated()
Get only validated input
Requests & responses
10request()->input('name')
Retrieve an input value
request()->query('page')
Retrieve a query string value
request()->all()
Get all input as an array
request()->only(['name', 'email'])
Get a subset of input
request()->has('name')
Check if input is present
response()->json(['ok' => true])
Return a JSON response
redirect()->route('home')->with('status', 'Saved')
Redirect with a flash message
back()->withInput()
Redirect back keeping old input
abort(404)
Throw an HTTP exception
abort_if($user->banned, 403)
Conditionally abort the request
Collections
13$collection->map(fn ($x) => $x * 2)
Transform each item
$collection->filter(fn ($x) => $x > 0)
Keep matching items
$collection->each(fn ($x) => $x->save())
Run a callback per item
$collection->pluck('name')
Extract one column
$collection->reduce(fn ($c, $x) => $c + $x, 0)
Reduce to a single value
$collection->sortBy('created_at')
Sort by a key
$collection->groupBy('status')
Group items by a key
$collection->where('active', true)
Filter by a key/value pair
$collection->first()
Get the first item
$collection->contains('name', 'Sam')
Check for a matching item
$collection->sum('price')
Sum a column
$collection->flatten()
Flatten nested collections
$collection->toArray()
Convert to a plain array
Auth & middleware
11Auth::user()
Get the authenticated user
Auth::check()
Check if a user is logged in
Auth::id()
Get the authenticated user ID
Auth::login($user)
Log a user in
Auth::logout()
Log the current user out
auth()->user()
Helper for the current user
Route::get('/home', $fn)->middleware('auth')
Protect a route with auth
Gate::allows('update', $post)
Check an authorization gate
$user->can('update', $post)
Check ability against a policy
php artisan make:policy PostPolicy --model=Post
Generate an authorization policy
php artisan make:middleware EnsureTokenIsValid
Generate a middleware class
Helpers & misc
12config('app.name')
Read a config value
env('APP_DEBUG', false)
Read an environment variable
route('posts.show', $post)
Generate a URL to a named route
url('/dashboard')
Generate a fully qualified URL
asset('css/app.css')
URL for a public asset
old('email')
Retrieve old flashed input
now()->addDays(7)
Current Carbon timestamp
Str::slug('My Title')
String helper (slugify)
collect([1, 2, 3])->sum()
Create a collection from an array
cache()->remember('key', 60, $fn)
Cache a value for a duration
dd($value)
Dump a value and die
Storage::put('file.txt', $contents)
Write a file to storage
Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.
Kuhusu Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya Laravel
Karatasi hii ya marejeleo ya Laravel inafupisha eneo la framework unalogusa kila siku: Artisan CLI, routing, controllers, Eloquent ORM, query builder, migrations na schema, Blade templates, uthibitishaji, requests na responses, collections, auth na middleware, na visaidizi.
Laravel ina API pana lakini yenye ufasaha — saini halisi ya uhusiano wa Eloquent, kirekebishaji cha column katika migration, jina la kanuni ya uthibitishaji, njia ya collection — na kila mstari hapa unaonyesha wito halisi pamoja na maelezo mafupi ya mstari mmoja, hivyo karatasi hii inasoma kama muhtasari wa framework.
Ni bure na inaonyeshwa kabisa kwenye kivinjari chako. Chuja kipande chochote papo hapo kwa kisanduku cha utafutaji, ruka kati ya sehemu kupitia orodha ya yaliyomo inayobaki juu, nakili msimbo kwa mbofyo mmoja na chapisha karatasi kama marejeleo ya framework unapojenga.
Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya Laravel
- Pitia sehemu kumi na mbili kwa ufupi, kuanzia Artisan CLI na Routing hadi Eloquent ORM na Helpers & misc.
- Tafuta neno kama migration, hasMany au validate ili kuchuja karatasi papo hapo.
- Ruka hadi sehemu kama Blade templates au Collections kupitia upau wa pembeni unaobaki juu.
- Bofya kipande cha msimbo au aikoni yake ya kunakili ili kunakili PHP hiyo kwenye mradi wako.
- Chapisha karatasi hii kama marejeleo ya Laravel bila mtandao.
Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara
Sehemu kumi na mbili: amri za Artisan, routing, controllers, Eloquent, query builder, migrations na schema, Blade, uthibitishaji, requests na responses, collections, auth na middleware, na visaidizi vya jumla.
Ndiyo. Sehemu ya Artisan inaorodhesha amri za generator, migration, cache na matengenezo unazoendesha mara kwa mara, kila moja ikiwa na maelezo mafupi ya kile inachozalisha au kufanya.
Ndiyo. Sehemu ya Eloquent inaonyesha ufafanuzi wa model, uhusiano na mifumo ya kuuliza maswali, na sehemu tofauti ya query builder inashughulikia API ya kina zaidi unapoihitaji.
Ndiyo. Bofya msimbo au aikoni ya kunakili inayoonekana unapopita juu ya mstari wowote na utanakiliwa mara moja kwenye clipboard yako.
Ndiyo, ni bure, yanaweza kutafutwa, kuchapishwa na kupatikana bila akaunti.
Utafutaji maarufu
laravel cheat sheet
artisan commands list
eloquent query methods
laravel routing syntax
laravel validation rules
blade directives list
laravel migration schema methods
laravel collections methods
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