Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya cURL

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Bila Malipo

Marejeleo ya curl yanayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa — mbinu za HTTP, vichwa, data na fomu, uthibitishaji, vipakuliwa, cookies, TLS, proksi na utatuzi. Bila malipo.

Basics

12
curl https://api.example.com
Send a GET request and print the body
curl -o page.html https://example.com
Save the response to a named file
curl -O https://example.com/file.zip
Save using the remote file name
curl -i https://example.com
Show response headers plus the body
curl -I https://example.com
Fetch the response headers only (HEAD)
curl -v https://example.com
Verbose output of the request/response
curl -s https://example.com
Silent mode, hide progress and errors
curl -sS https://example.com
Silent but still show errors
curl -L https://example.com
Follow HTTP redirects (3xx)
curl https://a.com https://b.com
Request multiple URLs in one call
curl 'https://x.com/p?[1-5]'
Use a numeric range to loop URLs
curl --version
Print the curl version and features

HTTP methods

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curl -X GET https://api.example.com
Explicitly send a GET request
curl -X POST https://api.example.com
Send a POST request
curl -X PUT https://api.example.com/1
Send a PUT request to replace a resource
curl -X PATCH https://api.example.com/1
Send a PATCH request to update fields
curl -X DELETE https://api.example.com/1
Send a DELETE request
curl -I https://api.example.com
Send a HEAD request for headers only
curl -X OPTIONS https://api.example.com
Send an OPTIONS preflight request
curl --head https://api.example.com
Long form of -I for a HEAD request
curl --request POST https://x.com
Long form of -X to set the method

Headers

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curl -H 'Accept: application/json' https://x.com
Add a single request header
curl -H 'X-Token: abc' -H 'X-Env: dev' https://x.com
Add multiple headers
curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' https://x.com
Declare the request body content type
curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer TOKEN' https://x.com
Send a bearer authorization header
curl -H 'Host: example.com' https://1.2.3.4
Override the Host header
curl -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip' https://x.com
Request a gzip-compressed response
curl -A 'MyAgent/1.0' https://x.com
Set the User-Agent string
curl -e 'https://ref.com' https://x.com
Set the Referer header
curl -H 'X-Debug:' https://x.com
Remove a default header by leaving it empty
curl --compressed https://x.com
Ask for and auto-decompress the response

Sending data

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curl -d 'name=Jane&age=30' https://x.com
POST URL-encoded form data
curl -d '@payload.json' https://x.com
POST data read from a file
curl --data-urlencode 'q=hello world' https://x.com
POST a single URL-encoded field
curl --data-binary '@file.bin' https://x.com
POST raw bytes without processing
curl -G --data-urlencode 'q=cats' https://x.com
Append the data as a GET query string
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"Jane"}' https://x.com
POST a JSON body
curl --json '{"name":"Jane"}' https://x.com
POST JSON and set JSON headers automatically
curl -F 'name=Jane' https://x.com
Send a multipart form field
curl -F 'file=@photo.png' https://x.com
Upload a file as multipart form-data
curl -F 'file=@a.pdf;type=application/pdf' https://x.com
Upload a file with an explicit MIME type
curl -d '' https://x.com
POST with an empty body

Authentication

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curl -u user:pass https://x.com
HTTP basic authentication
curl -u user https://x.com
Basic auth, prompt for the password
curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer TOKEN' https://x.com
Send a bearer token header
curl --oauth2-bearer TOKEN https://x.com
Send an OAuth 2.0 bearer token
curl --digest -u user:pass https://x.com
Use HTTP digest authentication
curl --ntlm -u user:pass https://x.com
Use NTLM authentication
curl --netrc https://x.com
Read credentials from ~/.netrc
curl --netrc-file creds https://x.com
Read credentials from a custom netrc file
curl -H 'X-Api-Key: KEY' https://x.com
Send an API key header

Downloading & uploading

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curl -O https://x.com/file.zip
Download using the remote file name
curl -o out.zip https://x.com/file.zip
Download to a chosen file name
curl -OL https://x.com/file.zip
Download and follow redirects
curl -C - -O https://x.com/file.zip
Resume a partial download
curl --limit-rate 200k -O https://x.com/f
Cap the transfer speed
curl -r 0-1023 -o part https://x.com/f
Download a byte range only
curl --retry 3 -O https://x.com/f
Retry the download on failure
curl -T file.txt ftp://x.com/
Upload a file with PUT/FTP
curl -T file.txt https://x.com/up
Upload a file via HTTP PUT
curl --create-dirs -o a/b/f.txt https://x.com
Create missing directories for the output
curl -# -O https://x.com/file.zip
Show a simple progress bar

Cookies

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curl -b 'session=abc123' https://x.com
Send a cookie inline
curl -b cookies.txt https://x.com
Send cookies from a file
curl -c cookies.txt https://x.com
Write received cookies to a jar
curl -b jar.txt -c jar.txt https://x.com
Read and update the same cookie jar
curl -b 'a=1; b=2' https://x.com
Send multiple cookies at once
curl -c - https://x.com
Print received cookies to stdout
curl --junk-session-cookies -b jar.txt https://x.com
Ignore session cookies from the jar
curl -L -c jar.txt -b jar.txt https://x.com/login
Keep a session across redirects

TLS / SSL

10
curl -k https://x.com
Allow insecure (skip cert verification)
curl --cacert ca.pem https://x.com
Verify with a custom CA bundle
curl --capath /etc/ssl/certs https://x.com
Use a directory of CA certificates
curl --cert client.pem https://x.com
Send a client certificate
curl --cert client.pem --key client.key https://x.com
Use a client cert and private key
curl --tlsv1.2 https://x.com
Require at least TLS 1.2
curl --tlsv1.3 https://x.com
Require at least TLS 1.3
curl --tls-max 1.2 https://x.com
Cap the maximum TLS version
curl --ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 https://x.com
Restrict allowed TLS ciphers
curl -vI https://x.com
Inspect the TLS handshake details

Proxies

9
curl -x http://proxy:8080 https://x.com
Route the request through an HTTP proxy
curl --proxy http://proxy:8080 https://x.com
Long form of -x to set a proxy
curl -x proxy:8080 -U user:pass https://x.com
Authenticate to the proxy
curl --proxy-user user:pass -x proxy:8080 https://x.com
Long form of proxy credentials
curl --socks5 127.0.0.1:1080 https://x.com
Use a SOCKS5 proxy
curl --socks5-hostname 127.0.0.1:1080 https://x.com
SOCKS5 proxy with remote DNS resolution
curl --socks4 127.0.0.1:1080 https://x.com
Use a SOCKS4 proxy
curl --noproxy example.com https://x.com
Bypass the proxy for given hosts
curl -x '' https://x.com
Disable any configured proxy

Debugging & output

11
curl -w '%{http_code}\n' -o /dev/null -s https://x.com
Print only the HTTP status code
curl -w '%{time_total}\n' -o /dev/null -s https://x.com
Print the total transfer time
curl -w '@format.txt' https://x.com
Read the write-out format from a file
curl -D headers.txt https://x.com
Dump response headers to a file
curl -D - -o body.txt https://x.com
Headers to stdout, body to a file
curl --trace trace.txt https://x.com
Full hex trace of the transfer
curl --trace-ascii - https://x.com
ASCII trace to stdout
curl --trace-time -v https://x.com
Add timestamps to verbose output
curl -v https://x.com 2>&1 | less
Page through the verbose log
curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{size_download}\n' https://x.com
Print the downloaded byte count
curl --libcurl out.c https://x.com
Emit equivalent libcurl C source

Timeouts & retries

10
curl --connect-timeout 5 https://x.com
Limit the connection phase in seconds
curl --max-time 30 https://x.com
Cap the whole operation time
curl --retry 3 https://x.com
Retry on transient errors
curl --retry 3 --retry-delay 2 https://x.com
Wait between retry attempts
curl --retry 5 --retry-max-time 60 https://x.com
Bound the total time spent retrying
curl --retry-connrefused https://x.com
Also retry on connection refused
curl --retry-all-errors https://x.com
Retry on any error, not just transient
curl --speed-limit 100 --speed-time 10 https://x.com
Abort if too slow for a duration
curl --keepalive-time 60 https://x.com
Set the TCP keep-alive interval
curl --expect100-timeout 1 https://x.com
Limit the wait for a 100-continue

Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.

Kuhusu Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya cURL

Karatasi hii ya kumbukumbu ya curl ni kumbukumbu inayofanya kazi kwa ajili ya zana muhimu zaidi ya mstari wa amri ya HTTP: misingi, mbinu za HTTP, vichwa (headers), kutuma data, uthibitishaji, kupakua na kupakia, vidakuzi (cookies), TLS/SSL, proksi, urekebishaji hitilafu (debugging) na matokeo, na muda wa kusubiri na majaribio tena.

curl ina mamia ya alama (flags) na kila mtu anakumbuka karibu kumi tu kati yazo. Kila safu mlalo inaonyesha amri kamili moja — POST ya JSON, ubadilishaji wa kichwa, upakuaji unaoweza kuendelea, mkono wa TLS wa kina — pamoja na maelezo ya mstari mmoja, ili uweze kuchukua msemo hasa badala ya kusoma man page katikati ya urekebishaji.

Karatasi ni bure na inafanya kazi upande wa kifaa chako: chuja amri papo hapo kwa sanduku la utafutaji, ruka kati ya sehemu kupitia orodha ya yaliyomo inayoning'inia, nakili amri yoyote kwa mbofyo mmoja na chapisha ukurasa kwa ajili ya vipindi vya urekebishaji wa API.

Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya cURL

  1. Pitia sehemu, kuanzia Misingi na Mbinu za HTTP hadi Urekebishaji hitilafu na matokeo na Muda wa kusubiri na majaribio tena.
  2. Tafuta alama au kazi kama POST, header au proxy ili kuchuja amri papo hapo.
  3. Ruka hadi sehemu kama Uthibitishaji au TLS / SSL kupitia upau wa pembeni unaoning'inia.
  4. Bofya amri au ikoni yake ya kunakili ili kuinakili, kisha ubadilishe URL na thamani za mfano.
  5. Chapisha karatasi ili kuweka kumbukumbu ya curl pembeni ya terminal yako.

Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara

Sehemu kumi na moja: misingi, mbinu za HTTP, vichwa, kutuma data na fomu, uthibitishaji, upakuaji na upakiaji, vidakuzi, TLS/SSL, proksi, urekebishaji hitilafu na matokeo, na muda wa kusubiri na majaribio tena.

Ndiyo. Sehemu ya kutuma data inajumuisha amri tayari za kutuma data ya JSON na fomu pamoja na vichwa sahihi, ambazo ni miongoni mwa amri za curl zinazonakiliwa zaidi.

Ndiyo. Sehemu ya urekebishaji hitilafu na matokeo inashughulikia hali ya verbose, ukaguzi wa majibu na udhibiti wa matokeo, na sehemu ya TLS husaidia wakati tatizo linahusiana na cheti.

Ndiyo. Bofya amri au ikoni yake ya kunakili na wito kamili wa curl huwekwa kwenye clipboard yako — badilisha URL, vichwa na data yako mwenyewe.

Ndiyo, ni bure, inayoweza kutafutwa, kuchapishwa na inafanya kazi kikamilifu kwenye kivinjari chako.
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Utafutaji maarufu
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