Karatasi ya Marejeleo ya PowerShell

Bila Malipo

Marejeleo ya PowerShell yanayoweza kutafutwa na kuchapishwa — cmdlets, pipeline, vigeu, faili, vitanzi, vitendakazi, vitu na utawala. Bila malipo.

Kupata msaada na ugunduzi

Get-Help Get-Process

Onyesha msaada kwa cmdlet

Get-Help Get-Process -Examples

Onyesha mifano ya matumizi kwa cmdlet

Get-Help Get-Process -Full

Onyesha msaada kamili ikijumuisha vigezo

Get-Help about_Functions

Soma mada ya kidhana ya about_

Update-Help

Pakua faili za msaada za hivi karibuni

Get-Command -Noun Process

Orodhesha cmdlets zinazotenda kwenye noun

Get-Command -Verb Get

Orodhesha cmdlets zinazotumia verb fulani

Get-Command *service*

Tafuta amri kwa jina la wildcard

Get-Process | Get-Member

Orodhesha properties na methods za objects

Get-Alias ls

Onyesha amri ambayo alias inatatua

Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem

Orodhesha aliases zote za cmdlet

$PSVersionTable

Onyesha toleo na toleo la PowerShell

Vigeu na aina

$x = 5

Weka thamani kwa kigeu

[int]$n = '42'

Tangaza kigeu chenye aina madhubuti

$null

Thamani ya null / tupu

$true; $false

Literals za boolean

$arr = @(1, 2, 3)

Tengeneza array

$arr += 4

Ambatisha kipengele kwenye array

$arr[0]; $arr[-1]

Index vipengele vya kwanza na vya mwisho vya array

$hash = @{ Name = 'Ann'; Age = 30 }

Tengeneza hashtable

$hash['Name']; $hash.Name

Soma thamani ya hashtable kwa key

$env:PATH

Soma kigeu cha mazingira

$env:MY_VAR = 'value'

Weka kigeu cha mazingira kwa kipindi

Get-Variable

Orodhesha vigeu vyote vilivyotangazwa

[math]::Round(3.14159, 2)

Ita method tuli ya .NET

Pipeline na uchujaji

Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.CPU -gt 10 }

Chuja objects kwa sharti

Get-Process | ? CPU -gt 10

Chuja kwa alias ya ? na sintaksia iliyorahisishwa

Get-Process | ForEach-Object { $_.Name }

Endesha script block kwa kila object

Get-Process | % { $_.Kill() }

Pitia kwa alias ya %

Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Id

Hifadhi properties maalum pekee

Get-Process | Select-Object -First 5

Chukua objects N za kwanza

Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending

Panga objects kwa property

Get-Process | Group-Object Company

Panga objects kwa makundi kwa property

Get-Process | Measure-Object CPU -Sum

Jumlisha thamani za nambari (jumla, wastani)

Get-ChildItem | Select-Object -Unique

Rudisha objects tofauti

1..5 | ForEach-Object { $_ * 2 }

Pipe fungu kupitia ubadilishaji

Get-Process | Out-GridView

Tuma matokeo kwenye grid ya mwingiliano

Faili na njia

Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Logs

Orodhesha vitu kwenye saraka (alias ls/dir)

Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter *.log

Orodhesha faili zinazolingana kwa rejea

Get-Content .\file.txt

Soma file mstari kwa mstari

Get-Content .\file.txt -Tail 20

Soma mistari N ya mwisho ya faili

Set-Content .\file.txt -Value 'Hi'

Andika (badilisha) maandishi kwenye faili

Add-Content .\file.txt -Value 'Hi'

Ambatisha maandishi kwenye faili

Copy-Item a.txt b.txt

Nakili faili au saraka

Move-Item a.txt .\dir\

Hamisha au badilisha jina la kitu

Remove-Item a.txt -Force

Futa faili au saraka

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path .\dir

Tengeneza faili au saraka mpya

Test-Path .\file.txt

Angalia ikiwa njia ipo

Get-Location

Onyesha saraka ya sasa (alias pwd)

Set-Location C:\Temp

Badilisha saraka ya sasa (alias cd)

Strings na maandishi

'Hello World' -match 'World'

Jaribu string dhidi ya regex

'Hello' -replace 'l', 'L'

Badilisha maandishi ukitumia regex

'a,b,c' -split ','

Gawanya string kuwa array kwa regex

'a-b-c'.Split('-')

Gawanya ukitumia method ya .NET String

'a', 'b' -join ', '

Unganisha vipengele vya array kuwa string

Select-String -Path *.log -Pattern 'error'

Utafutaji wa mtindo wa grep katika faili

'{0} of {1}' -f 3, 10

Fomati string kwa placeholders

' hi '.Trim()

Ondoa nafasi ya mwanzo na mwisho

'Hello'.ToUpper()

Badilisha string kuwa herufi kubwa

'Hello'.Substring(0, 3)

Toa substring kwa index na urefu

'Hello'.Contains('ell')

Jaribu ikiwa string ina maandishi

'Hello'.Length

Pata idadi ya herufi

Loops na masharti

if ($x -gt 0) { 'pos' } elseif ($x -eq 0) { 'zero' } else { 'neg' }

Tawi kwa if / elseif / else

switch ($x) { 1 { 'one' } default { 'other' } }

Linganisha thamani dhidi ya kesi

foreach ($i in $arr) { $i }

Pitia mkusanyiko

for ($i = 0; $i -lt 5; $i++) { $i }

Loop ya kuhesabu yenye index

while ($x -lt 10) { $x++ }

Loop wakati sharti ni kweli

do { $x++ } while ($x -lt 10)

Loop angalau mara moja, kisha jaribu

$x -eq 5; $x -ne 5

Ulinganishi wa sawa na usio sawa

$x -gt 5; $x -lt 5

Ulinganishi wa zaidi-ya na chini-ya

$x -ge 5; $x -le 5

Ulinganishi wa zaidi/chini-ya-au-sawa

'abc' -like 'a*'

Ulinganishi wa mechi ya wildcard

@(1, 2, 3) -contains 2

Jaribu uanachama wa array

break; continue

Toka au ruka mzunguko wa loop wa sasa

Functions na scripts

function Get-Sum { param($a, $b) $a + $b }

Tafsiri function yenye vigezo

Get-Sum -a 2 -b 3

Ita function kwa hoja zenye majina

function Test { param([int]$n = 1) }

Kigezo chenye aina na thamani chaguo-msingi

param([Parameter(Mandatory)]$Name)

Hitaji kigezo kitolewe

return $value

Rudisha thamani kutoka function

function F { [CmdletBinding()] param() }

Tengeneza function ya hali ya juu (vigezo vya kawaida)

Write-Verbose 'msg' -Verbose

Toa mtiririko wa ujumbe wa kina

Write-Output $result

Tuma object kwenye pipeline

Write-Error 'failed'

Andika kwenye mtiririko wa makosa

.\script.ps1 -Arg value

Endesha faili la script na hoja

. .\functions.ps1

Dot-source script kwenye kipindi

try { } catch { $_ } finally { }

Shughulikia makosa yanayokomesha

Objects na properties

Get-Process | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

Rudisha thamani ghafi za property, si objects

(Get-Process).Name

Fikia property kwenye kila object

Get-Process | Select-Object Name, @{ Name = 'MB'; Expression = { $_.WS / 1MB } }

Ongeza property iliyokokotolewa

[PSCustomObject]@{ Name = 'Ann'; Age = 30 }

Jenga object maalum

$obj | Add-Member -NotePropertyName Tag -NotePropertyValue 'x'

Ambatisha property kwenye object

$obj.PSObject.Properties.Name

Orodhesha majina ya properties za object

$obj | Format-Table -AutoSize

Onyesha objects kama jedwali lililopangwa

$obj | Format-List *

Onyesha properties zote kama orodha

$obj | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5

Serialize object kuwa JSON

Get-Content data.json | ConvertFrom-Json

Changanua JSON kuwa objects

$obj | Export-Csv out.csv -NoTypeInformation

Export objects kwenye faili la CSV

Import-Csv data.csv

Soma faili la CSV kuwa objects

Michakato na huduma

Get-Process

Orodhesha michakato inayoendesha (alias ps)

Get-Process -Name chrome

Pata michakato kwa jina

Stop-Process -Name notepad -Force

Komesha mchakato

Start-Process notepad.exe

Zindua mchakato mpya

Get-Service

Orodhesha huduma za Windows

Get-Service -Name wuauserv

Pata huduma kwa jina

Start-Service -Name wuauserv

Anzisha huduma iliyosimamishwa

Stop-Service -Name wuauserv

Simamisha huduma inayoendesha

Restart-Service -Name wuauserv

Anzisha upya huduma

Set-Service -Name wuauserv -StartupType Manual

Badilisha hali ya kuanza ya huduma

Get-EventLog -LogName System -Newest 20

Soma ingizo za hivi karibuni za event-log za kawaida

Get-WinEvent -LogName Application -MaxEvents 20

Uliza event logs za kisasa

Remoting na kazi

Enter-PSSession -ComputerName Srv01

Anza kipindi cha mbali cha mwingiliano

Exit-PSSession

Ondoka kwenye kipindi cha mbali cha mwingiliano

Invoke-Command -ComputerName Srv01 -ScriptBlock { Get-Service }

Endesha amri kwenye host ya mbali

$s = New-PSSession -ComputerName Srv01

Tengeneza kipindi cha mbali kinachodumu

Invoke-Command -Session $s -ScriptBlock { hostname }

Tumia tena kipindi cha mbali kilichopo

Remove-PSSession $s

Funga na ondoa kipindi cha mbali

Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Get-Process }

Endesha amri kama kazi ya nyuma

Get-Job

Orodhesha kazi za nyuma na hali zao

Receive-Job -Id 1 -Keep

Pata matokeo ya kazi

Wait-Job -Id 1

Zuia hadi kazi ikamilike

Stop-Job -Id 1; Remove-Job -Id 1

Simamisha na ondoa kazi ya nyuma

Get-Process | Start-ThreadJob { $input }

Endesha kazi nyepesi za thread ndani ya mchakato

Moduli na vifurushi

Get-Module

Orodhesha moduli zilizopakiwa sasa

Get-Module -ListAvailable

Orodhesha moduli zote zilizosakinishwa

Import-Module Pester

Pakia moduli kwenye kipindi

Remove-Module Pester

Pakua moduli kutoka kipindi

Find-Module -Name PSReadLine

Tafuta moduli kwenye gallery

Install-Module PSReadLine -Scope CurrentUser

Sakinisha moduli kutoka gallery

Update-Module PSReadLine

Sasisha moduli iliyosakinishwa

Uninstall-Module PSReadLine

Ondoa moduli iliyosakinishwa

Get-ExecutionPolicy

Onyesha sera ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa script

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

Ruhusu scripts zilizosainiwa na za ndani kuendesha

Get-PSRepository

Orodhesha hazina za vifurushi zilizosanidiwa

$PROFILE

Njia ya script ya wasifu wa mtumiaji wa sasa

Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.

Unahitaji msaada?

Umepata tatizo na zana hii? Tujulishe timu yetu.

Ripoti tatizo

Ongeza zana hii ya bure kwenye tovuti yako mwenyewe — nakili na ubandike msimbo ulio hapa chini.

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