Chuleta de fórmulas de Google Sheets
Una referencia de Google Sheets con búsqueda e imprimible: QUERY, ARRAYFORMULA, IMPORTRANGE, FILTER, búsquedas, fechas y atajos de teclado. Gratis.
QUERY function
12=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A, B")
Pick columns like SQL
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT * WHERE C > 100")
Filter rows by number
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A WHERE B = 'Paid'")
Filter by text (single quotes)
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A WHERE B CONTAINS 'inc'")
Substring match
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A, SUM(C) GROUP BY A")
Aggregate per group
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A, COUNT(B) GROUP BY A PIVOT D")
Pivot a column into headers
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT * ORDER BY C DESC LIMIT 10")
Top 10 rows
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT * WHERE A IS NOT NULL")
Drop blank rows
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A WHERE D >= date '2026-01-01'")
Date comparison syntax
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT A LABEL A 'Name'")
Rename output header
=QUERY({Sheet1!A:C; Sheet2!A:C}, "SELECT *")
Query stacked ranges
=QUERY(A1:D, "SELECT Col1, Col3", 1)
ColN names for {} ranges
ARRAYFORMULA & arrays
11=ARRAYFORMULA(A2:A * B2:B)
Apply a formula to a whole range
=ARRAYFORMULA(IF(A2:A="", "", A2:A * 1.2))
Skip blank rows in arrays
={A1:A5; B1:B5}
Stack ranges vertically
={A1:A5, B1:B5}
Place ranges side by side
=SEQUENCE(10)
Numbers 1..10 down a column
=SEQUENCE(3, 4, 0, 5)
3x4 grid from 0 in steps of 5
=FLATTEN(A1:C5)
Collapse a range to one column
=TRANSPOSE(A1:A10)
Flip rows and columns
=BYROW(A2:C10, LAMBDA(r, SUM(r)))
Run a lambda on each row
=MAP(A2:A, LAMBDA(x, x * 2))
Transform each cell
=SCAN(0, A2:A, LAMBDA(acc, x, acc + x))
Running total via lambda
IMPORT functions
10=IMPORTRANGE("sheet_url", "Data!A1:C100")
Pull a range from another file
IMPORTRANGE: click "Allow access" once
First use needs authorization
=QUERY(IMPORTRANGE(url, "A:C"), "SELECT Col1")
Filter imported data
=IMPORTXML(url, "//h2")
Scrape a page via XPath
=IMPORTXML(url, "//a/@href")
Extract link URLs
=IMPORTHTML(url, "table", 1)
First HTML table on a page
=IMPORTHTML(url, "list", 2)
Second HTML list on a page
=IMPORTDATA("https://x.com/data.csv")
Load a CSV/TSV by URL
=IMPORTFEED(rss_url, "items title", TRUE, 5)
Latest RSS feed entries
Imports refresh ~every hour, not live
Caching caveat to remember
FILTER / SORT / UNIQUE
11=FILTER(A2:C, C2:C > 100)
Rows where condition is true
=FILTER(A2:C, (B2:B="Paid") * (C2:C>0))
AND conditions (multiply)
=FILTER(A2:C, (B2:B="A") + (B2:B="B"))
OR conditions (add)
=SORT(A2:C, 3, FALSE)
Sort by column 3 descending
=SORT(A2:C, 1, TRUE, 2, FALSE)
Multi-column sort
=SORTN(A2:C, 5, 0, 3, FALSE)
Top 5 rows by column 3
=UNIQUE(A2:A)
De-duplicate values
=UNIQUE(A2:C)
De-duplicate whole rows
=SORT(UNIQUE(FILTER(A2:A, A2:A<>"")))
Clean sorted distinct list
=COUNTA(UNIQUE(A2:A))
Count distinct values
=RANDARRAY(5, 1)
5 random numbers 0..1
Lookups
10=VLOOKUP(E2, A2:C100, 3, FALSE)
Exact match, return column 3
=VLOOKUP(E2, A:C, 2, TRUE)
Approximate (sorted) match
=XLOOKUP(E2, A2:A, C2:C)
Modern lookup, any direction
=XLOOKUP(E2, A2:A, C2:C, "Not found")
Built-in default value
=XLOOKUP(E2, A2:A, C2:C, , , -1)
Search from the bottom
=INDEX(C2:C, MATCH(E2, A2:A, 0))
Classic INDEX+MATCH combo
=INDEX(A2:F, MATCH(x, A2:A, 0), MATCH(y, A1:F1, 0))
Two-way lookup
=HLOOKUP(E1, A1:F3, 2, FALSE)
Lookup across a row
=ARRAYFORMULA(VLOOKUP(E2:E, A:C, 3, FALSE))
Bulk lookup whole column
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(...), "-")
Hide #N/A when not found
Text functions
13=SPLIT(A2, ",")
Split text into columns
=JOIN(", ", A2:A10)
Join values with a separator
=TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:A10)
Join and skip blanks
=REGEXEXTRACT(A2, "\d+")
Extract first number
=REGEXEXTRACT(A2, "@(.+)$")
Capture group (email domain)
=REGEXREPLACE(A2, "\s+", " ")
Collapse repeated spaces
=REGEXMATCH(A2, "^https?://")
TRUE if pattern matches
=LEFT(A2, 5) / =RIGHT(A2, 3)
First / last characters
=MID(A2, 3, 4)
Substring from position 3
=TRIM(A2), =LOWER(A2), =PROPER(A2)
Clean and normalize case
=SUBSTITUTE(A2, "old", "new")
Replace literal text
=LEN(A2)
Character count
=CONCATENATE(A2, " ", B2) or A2 & " " & B2
Join strings
Date & time
12=TODAY() / =NOW()
Current date / datetime
=DATE(2026, 7, 27)
Build a date from parts
=DATEDIF(A2, B2, "D")
Days between dates (M, Y too)
=EDATE(A2, 3)
Add 3 months to a date
=EOMONTH(A2, 0)
Last day of the month
=WEEKDAY(A2, 2)
Day of week (Mon = 1)
=WORKDAY(A2, 10)
10 business days later
=NETWORKDAYS(A2, B2)
Business days between dates
=TEXT(A2, "yyyy-mm-dd")
Format a date as text
=DATEVALUE("2026-07-27")
Parse text into a date
=A2 + 7
Dates are numbers: add days
=ISOWEEKNUM(A2)
ISO week number
Conditional logic
10=IF(A2 > 100, "High", "Low")
Basic condition
=IFS(A2>90, "A", A2>80, "B", TRUE, "C")
Multi-branch without nesting
=SWITCH(A2, "US", "$", "EU", "€", "?")
Match against exact values
=AND(A2>0, B2<10) / =OR(...)
Combine conditions
=NOT(ISBLANK(A2))
Cell is not empty
=IFERROR(A2/B2, 0)
Fallback when a formula errors
=IFNA(VLOOKUP(...), "missing")
Fallback only for #N/A
=ISNUMBER(A2), =ISTEXT(A2), =ISDATE(A2)
Type checks
=LAMBDA(x, x * 2)(A2)
Inline reusable function
=LET(t, A2*B2, t + t*0.2)
Name a value, reuse it
Google-only functions
11=GOOGLEFINANCE("GOOG")
Live stock price
=GOOGLEFINANCE("GOOG", "pe")
Specific attribute (P/E ratio)
=GOOGLEFINANCE("GOOG", "price", TODAY()-365, TODAY())
1-year price history
=GOOGLEFINANCE("CURRENCY:USDEUR")
Live exchange rate
=GOOGLETRANSLATE(A2, "en", "fr")
Translate cell text
=DETECTLANGUAGE(A2)
Guess the language code
=SPARKLINE(A2:A30)
In-cell line chart
=SPARKLINE(A2:A13, {"charttype","column"})
In-cell column chart
=SPARKLINE(A2, {"charttype","bar";"max",100})
In-cell progress bar
=IMAGE("https://x.com/logo.png")
Show an image in a cell
=HYPERLINK(url, "Open")
Clickable labelled link
Aggregation (SUMIFS & co.)
10=SUMIF(A2:A, "Paid", C2:C)
Sum where one condition holds
=SUMIFS(C2:C, A2:A, "Paid", B2:B, ">100")
Sum with multiple conditions
=COUNTIF(A2:A, "Paid")
Count matching cells
=COUNTIFS(A2:A, "Paid", B2:B, ">=10")
Count with multiple conditions
=AVERAGEIFS(C2:C, A2:A, "Paid")
Conditional average
=MAXIFS(C2:C, A2:A, "Paid")
Conditional max (MINIFS too)
=SUMIFS(C:C, D:D, ">="&E1, D:D, "<"&F1)
Sum within a date window
=SUMPRODUCT((A2:A="X") * C2:C)
Array-style conditional sum
=COUNTIF(A2:A, "*inc*")
Wildcard match (* and ?)
=SUBTOTAL(109, C2:C100)
Sum ignoring hidden rows
Keyboard shortcuts
12Ctrl+/ (Cmd+/)
Show all shortcuts
Ctrl+; / Ctrl+Shift+;
Insert date / time
Ctrl+D / Ctrl+R
Fill down / fill right
Ctrl+Enter
Fill selected range with input
Ctrl+Shift+V
Paste values only
Ctrl+Arrow
Jump to edge of data
Ctrl+Space / Shift+Space
Select column / row
Alt+Shift+= (rows/cols selected)
Insert rows or columns
F4
Cycle $A$1 reference locking
F2
Edit the active cell
Ctrl+Alt+M
Insert a comment
Alt+Down (on a filtered header)
Open the filter menu
Apps Script one-liners
12Extensions > Apps Script
Open the script editor
const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
Current spreadsheet handle
const sheet = ss.getSheetByName("Data");
Grab a sheet by name
sheet.getRange("A1").setValue("Hi");
Write a cell
const rows = sheet.getDataRange().getValues();
Read all data as a 2D array
sheet.appendRow(["a", "b", new Date()]);
Append a row
sheet.getRange(1,1,data.length,data[0].length).setValues(data);
Bulk write (fast)
function onEdit(e) { ... }
Simple trigger on any edit
SpreadsheetApp.getUi().alert("Done");
Show a dialog
UrlFetchApp.fetch(url).getContentText();
HTTP request from a script
Triggers menu > Time-driven
Schedule a script (cron-like)
function DOUBLE(x) { return x * 2; }
Custom function: =DOUBLE(A1)
Ninguna entrada coincide con “:q”.
Acerca de Chuleta de fórmulas de Google Sheets
Esta chuleta de fórmulas de Google Sheets reúne las funciones que hacen que Sheets valga la pena en una única página con búsqueda: la función QUERY, ARRAYFORMULA y arrays, la familia IMPORT, FILTER, SORT y UNIQUE, búsquedas, funciones de texto, fecha y hora, lógica condicional, funciones exclusivas de Google, agregación con SUMIFS y similares, atajos de teclado, y algunas líneas sueltas de Apps Script.
Empieza con las fórmulas que no tienen equivalente en Excel (QUERY con su sintaxis similar a SQL, ARRAYFORMULA para aplicar una fórmula a toda una columna, IMPORTRANGE, IMPORTHTML y GOOGLEFINANCE) y luego cubre los habituales VLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH, TEXTJOIN, SUMIFS y las matemáticas de fechas.
La hoja es gratuita y se ejecuta en el cliente: filtra filas en vivo con el cuadro de búsqueda, salta entre secciones con el índice fijo, copia cualquier fórmula con un clic e imprime la página como referencia de escritorio.
Cómo usar Chuleta de fórmulas de Google Sheets
- Revisa las secciones, desde la función QUERY y ARRAYFORMULA hasta Búsquedas y las líneas sueltas de Apps Script.
- Busca el nombre de una función como QUERY, FILTER o XLOOKUP para filtrar todas las filas en vivo.
- Salta a Funciones exclusivas de Google para las fórmulas que no existen en Excel.
- Haz clic en una fórmula o en su icono de copiar para copiarla, y luego pégala en una celda y edita los rangos.
- Imprime la hoja para tener una referencia de Google Sheets sin conexión.
Preguntas frecuentes
Doce secciones: QUERY, ARRAYFORMULA y arrays, las funciones IMPORT, FILTER, SORT y UNIQUE, búsquedas, funciones de texto, fecha y hora, lógica condicional, funciones exclusivas de Google, agregación, atajos de teclado, y líneas sueltas de Apps Script.
Sí, la primera y con detalle: SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, LIMIT, LABEL y la sintaxis de letras de columna, cada una como fórmula lista para copiar.
Esta cubre las fórmulas específicas de Google (QUERY, ARRAYFORMULA, IMPORTRANGE, IMPORTHTML, GOOGLETRANSLATE, GOOGLEFINANCE y SPARKLINE) para las que la hoja de Excel no tiene equivalente.
Sí. Haz clic en cualquier fila o en su icono de copiar y la fórmula llegará a tu portapapeles, lista para pegar en una celda.
Sí, completamente gratis: con búsqueda, imprimible y mostrada en tu navegador sin registro.
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