Karatasi ya Muhtasari ya tmux

Bila Malipo

Rejeo la tmux linalotafutika na kuchapishika: sessions, windows, panes, copy mode, kubadilisha prefix, usanidi, plugins na scripting. Bure.

Sessions

tmux new -s work

Start a named session

tmux new -s work -d

Start detached (in the background)

tmux new -As work

Attach if it exists, else create

tmux ls

List running sessions

tmux attach -t work

Attach to a session (a = attach)

Prefix d

Detach from the current session

Prefix $

Rename the current session

Prefix s

Interactive session switcher

Prefix ( / )

Previous / next session

tmux kill-session -t work

Kill one session

tmux kill-server

Kill all sessions and the server

Windows

Prefix c

Create a new window

Prefix ,

Rename the current window

Prefix n / p

Next / previous window

Prefix 0..9

Jump to window by number

Prefix l

Toggle to the last-used window

Prefix w

Interactive window list

Prefix f

Find a window by name

Prefix &

Kill the current window (confirms)

Prefix .

Move window to another index

swap-window -s 2 -t 0

Swap two windows by index

Panes

Prefix %

Split vertically (side by side)

Prefix "

Split horizontally (stacked)

Prefix arrow keys

Move between panes

Prefix o / ;

Next pane / last-active pane

Prefix q

Show pane numbers (press to jump)

Prefix z

Zoom: toggle pane full-screen

Prefix x

Kill the current pane (confirms)

Prefix { / }

Swap pane with previous / next

Prefix Ctrl+arrow

Resize pane one cell at a time

Prefix Space

Cycle built-in pane layouts

Prefix !

Break the pane into its own window

join-pane -s 2 -t 1

Move a pane into another window

Copy mode & scrolling

Prefix [

Enter copy mode (scroll history)

q / Escape

Leave copy mode

Prefix PgUp

Enter copy mode scrolled one page up

Space then Enter

Start selection, then copy (emacs)

v then y

Start selection, then copy (vi keys)

Prefix ]

Paste the copied text

/ and ?

Search forward / backward

n / N

Next / previous search match

g / G

Top / bottom of history (vi keys)

setw -g mode-keys vi

Use vi keys in copy mode

tmux capture-pane -p > out.txt

Dump pane contents to a file

Prefix key & rebinding

Ctrl+b

The default prefix key

Prefix key, then the command key

Press separately, not together

set -g prefix C-a

Use Ctrl+a as prefix (screen style)

unbind C-b

Free the old prefix binding

bind C-a send-prefix

Prefix twice sends it to the app

bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Reload config with Prefix r

bind -n M-Left select-pane -L

-n = no prefix needed (Alt+Left)

bind -r H resize-pane -L 5

-r = key repeats within timeout

tmux list-keys

Show all current key bindings

Command mode (:)

Prefix :

Open the tmux command prompt

:new-window -n logs

New window named "logs"

:split-window -h

Split the pane horizontally

:rename-session dev

Rename the current session

:setw synchronize-panes on

Type into all panes at once

:swap-pane -s 0 -t 1

Swap two panes by index

:resize-pane -D 10

Resize down by 10 cells

:source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Reload the configuration

:kill-server

Stop tmux entirely

Configuration essentials

set -g mouse on

Mouse: select panes, resize, scroll

set -g base-index 1

Number windows from 1, not 0

setw -g pane-base-index 1

Number panes from 1 too

set -g renumber-windows on

Re-number after closing a window

setw -g mode-keys vi

vi keys in copy mode

set -g history-limit 50000

Bigger scrollback buffer

set -g default-terminal "tmux-256color"

Proper colors inside tmux

set -sg escape-time 0

No Esc delay (helps vim users)

bind | split-window -h

Memorable split: | = vertical

bind - split-window -v

Memorable split: - = horizontal

set -g focus-events on

Pass focus events to programs

Plugins & TPM

git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm

Install the plugin manager

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tpm'

Declare TPM in .tmux.conf

run '~/.tmux/plugins/tpm/tpm'

MUST be the last config line

Prefix I

Install newly declared plugins

Prefix U

Update installed plugins

Prefix Alt+u

Remove undeclared plugins

@plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect'

Save/restore sessions across reboots

@plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum'

Auto-save sessions periodically

@plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-yank'

Copy to the system clipboard

@plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sensible'

Sane defaults everyone agrees on

Sharing & pairing

tmux -S /tmp/pair new -s pair

Session on a shared socket file

chmod 777 /tmp/pair

Let the partner access the socket

tmux -S /tmp/pair attach

Partner attaches to the socket

tmux attach -t work -r

Attach read-only (view, no typing)

Two clients, one session

Both mirror the same window

tmux new -s me -t work

Grouped session: independent windows

ssh user@host -t tmux new -As dev

SSH straight into a tmux session

setw -g aggressive-resize on

Size to the active client, not min

Scripting from the shell

tmux new -d -s job 'npm run build'

Run a command in a detached session

tmux send-keys -t job 'ls -la' Enter

Type into a session remotely

tmux send-keys -t job C-c

Send Ctrl+C to stop a process

tmux has-session -t job 2>/dev/null && echo up

Check if a session exists

tmux capture-pane -t job -p

Print a pane's output to stdout

tmux split-window -t job -h 'htop'

Split and run a command in it

tmux select-window -t job:2

Target session:window from scripts

tmux display-message -p '#S'

Print the current session name

tmux list-panes -a

List every pane on the server

tmux wait-for done

Block until a signal is fired

Status bar

set -g status off

Hide the status bar entirely

set -g status-position top

Move the bar to the top

set -g status-style bg=black,fg=white

Bar colors

set -g status-left '[#S] '

Show the session name on the left

set -g status-right '%H:%M %d-%b'

Clock and date on the right

set -g status-interval 5

Refresh the bar every 5 seconds

setw -g window-status-current-style fg=green

Highlight the active window

#S #I #W #P #H

Session, window idx/name, pane, host

#(uptime | cut -d, -f1)

Embed shell output in the bar

set -g status-justify centre

Center the window list

Troubleshooting

tmux -V

Show the tmux version

tmux info

Dump server, client and terminal info

tmux show-options -g

List all global option values

Config changes not applied

.tmux.conf loads at server start only

Prefix : source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Reload config without restarting

"sessions should be nested with care"

You ran tmux inside tmux ($TMUX set)

TERM=xterm-256color tmux

Fix wrong/missing colors outside

Esc feels laggy in vim

Set escape-time 0 (see config)

tmux kill-server

Last resort: full clean restart

Sessions gone after reboot

Server is not persistent; use resurrect

Hakuna kipengele kinacholingana na “:q”.

Kuhusu Karatasi ya Muhtasari ya tmux

Karatasi hii ya muhtasari ya tmux inakusanya mikato ya funguo na amri kwenye ukurasa mmoja unaotafutika: sessions, windows, panes, copy mode na kusogeza, prefix key na kuibadilisha, command mode, mambo muhimu ya usanidi, plugins na TPM, kushirikiana na pairing, uandishi wa script kutoka shell, upau wa hali, na utatuzi wa matatizo.

tmux karibu yote ni kumbukumbu ya mikono iliyojengwa juu ya prefix key moja, kwa hivyo karatasi inaonyesha kila mkato kama prefix pamoja na funguo, kando ya amri sawa ya shell pale ilipo, jambo linalosaidia unapoandika script ya session badala ya kuiendesha kwa mkono.

Kama kila karatasi ya muhtasari katika kundi hili ni bure na inafanya kazi upande wa mteja: chuja safu moja kwa moja kwa kisanduku cha utafutaji, ruka kati ya sehemu kwa jedwali la yaliyomo linalobaki juu, nakili amri yoyote kwa mbofyo mmoja na chapisha ukurasa kuwa rejeo kando ya terminal yako.

Jinsi ya kutumia Karatasi ya Muhtasari ya tmux

Fungua karatasi na upitie sehemu, kuanzia Sessions na Windows hadi Troubleshooting.
Tafuta neno kuu kama split, detach au copy ili kuchuja kila safu moja kwa moja.
Ruka hadi Configuration essentials unapotaka kubadilisha prefix au mikato ya pane.
Bofya amri au ikoni yake ya kunakili ili kuinakili moja kwa moja kwenye terminal yako au .tmux.conf.
Tumia Chapisha kupata nakala ya karatasi ya rejeo kamili ya tmux.

Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara

Sehemu kumi na mbili: sessions, windows, panes, copy mode na kusogeza, prefix key na kuibadilisha, command mode, mambo muhimu ya usanidi, plugins na TPM, kushirikiana na pairing, uandishi wa script za shell, upau wa hali, na utatuzi wa matatizo.

Ctrl-b. Sehemu ya prefix inaonyesha kila mkato kulingana nayo na inatoa mistari ya .tmux.conf inayoibadilisha kuwa Ctrl-a ukipenda.

Sehemu ya copy mode inashughulikia kuingia kwenye copy mode, kusogea na kutafuta ndani yake, kuanza na kumaliza uteuzi, na kubandika bafa: katika hali zote mbili za funguo za emacs na vi.

Ndiyo. Bofya safu yoyote au ikoni yake ya kunakili na amri inanakiliwa papo hapo.

Ndiyo, ni bure kabisa na hufanya kazi kwenye kivinjari chako bila kuingia.

Utafutaji maarufu

tmux cheat sheet amri za tmux njia za mkato za tmux tmux split pane tmux copy mode mfano wa tmux config amri za tmux session

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